Iation factor and plays an important role in the development of

Iation factor and plays an important role in the development of antibody-producing plasma cells [30]. Beside the fact that fewer B cells can lead to lower levels of anti-CII IgG antibodies (which also could be due to a less inflammatory status), the beneficial effects of a reduced B cell population is well described in the outcome of human RA by the use of B cell depleting anti-CD20 antibodies [31].Lentiviral Particle TitrationViral titer was determined on NIH/3T3 (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) mouse fibroblast cell line using real time-PCR directed get Sermorelin towards the WPRE sequence. Vector copy numbers are normalised to titin gene copies. WPRE forward primer: 59 GGC ACT GAC AAT TCC GTG GT 39, WPRE reverse primer: 59 AGG GAC GTA GCA GAA GGA CG 39 and WPRE probe 59 6-FAM- ACG TCC TTT CCA TGG CTG CTC GC- TAMRA- 39. Titin forward primer: 59 AAA ACG AGC AGT GAC GTG AGC 39, titin reverse: 59 TTC AGT CAT GCT 1326631 GCT AGC GC 39 and titin probe: 59-6 FAM- TGC ACG GAA GCG TCT CGT CTC AGT C- TAMRA- 39. All primers were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich AB (St Louis, MO, USA) and probes from Applied Biosystems and the assay was runDisease-Dependent IL-10 Ameliorates CIAFigure 4. T and B cell populations in lymph nodes and spleen after CII immunisation. (A) Percentages of CD19+MHCII+ cells and CD4+FoxP3+ cells in lymph node, (B) and in spleen (C) Absolute numbers of CD19+MHCII+ cells and CD4+FoxP3+ cells in spleen. (D) Typical gating for isotype control and Foxp3 antibody in CD4+T cells from a LNT-GFP and a LNT-IL-10 mouse. All data were analysed by MannWhitney U-test. Closed circles represents LNT-GFP and open circles LNT-IL-10 mice. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049731.gwith TaqmanH Universal PCR Mastermix (Applied Biosystems, California, USA) on 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems).Bone Marrow TransplantationTo minimize risk for infections during transplantation, both donor and recipient mice were treated with the antibiotic (enrofloxacin) BaytrilH one week prior to and two weeks after the transplantation. Haematopoetic stem cells were harvested, isolated from donor mice as described in the paragraph above and further transduced with lentiviral constructs LNT-GFP and LNTIL-10 at MOI 75 and incubated at 37uC overnight. The next morning, cells were washed with PBS twice, counted and resuspended at a concentration of 2.4 6 105 cells/200 ml. The recipient mice were irradiated with 8.5 Gy and intravenously reconstituted with transduced HSCs (2.4 6 105). Mice were repopulated for 12 weeks before induction of arthritis.MiceMale DBA/1 mice were obtained from Taconic (Europe A/S, Ry, Denmark) and housed in a pathogen-free barrier facility (12-hr light/12-hr dark cycle) and fed rodent chow. All animal studies were approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee.Inflammation-dependent Production of IL-10 in vitroTo verify inflammation-dependent IL-10 production, bone marrow was harvested from femur and the hip bone from DBA/1 mice and HSCs were isolated with negative selection using EasySepH Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Enrichment Kit (Stemcell purchase BIBS39 Technologies, Manchester, UK). After isolation, HSCs were resuspended in StemSpan with 1 penicillin/streptomycin and the following cytokines (100 ng/ml mSCF, 100 ng/ml Flt-3L, 100 ng/ml IL-11, 20 ng/ml IL-3) and cultured in 12 well plates at a concentration of 1 6 106 cells/ml. The cells were transduced with lentiviral constructs LNT-GFP and LNT-IL-10 at MOI ranging from 0 to 80. The next day the med.Iation factor and plays an important role in the development of antibody-producing plasma cells [30]. Beside the fact that fewer B cells can lead to lower levels of anti-CII IgG antibodies (which also could be due to a less inflammatory status), the beneficial effects of a reduced B cell population is well described in the outcome of human RA by the use of B cell depleting anti-CD20 antibodies [31].Lentiviral Particle TitrationViral titer was determined on NIH/3T3 (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) mouse fibroblast cell line using real time-PCR directed towards the WPRE sequence. Vector copy numbers are normalised to titin gene copies. WPRE forward primer: 59 GGC ACT GAC AAT TCC GTG GT 39, WPRE reverse primer: 59 AGG GAC GTA GCA GAA GGA CG 39 and WPRE probe 59 6-FAM- ACG TCC TTT CCA TGG CTG CTC GC- TAMRA- 39. Titin forward primer: 59 AAA ACG AGC AGT GAC GTG AGC 39, titin reverse: 59 TTC AGT CAT GCT 1326631 GCT AGC GC 39 and titin probe: 59-6 FAM- TGC ACG GAA GCG TCT CGT CTC AGT C- TAMRA- 39. All primers were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich AB (St Louis, MO, USA) and probes from Applied Biosystems and the assay was runDisease-Dependent IL-10 Ameliorates CIAFigure 4. T and B cell populations in lymph nodes and spleen after CII immunisation. (A) Percentages of CD19+MHCII+ cells and CD4+FoxP3+ cells in lymph node, (B) and in spleen (C) Absolute numbers of CD19+MHCII+ cells and CD4+FoxP3+ cells in spleen. (D) Typical gating for isotype control and Foxp3 antibody in CD4+T cells from a LNT-GFP and a LNT-IL-10 mouse. All data were analysed by MannWhitney U-test. Closed circles represents LNT-GFP and open circles LNT-IL-10 mice. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049731.gwith TaqmanH Universal PCR Mastermix (Applied Biosystems, California, USA) on 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems).Bone Marrow TransplantationTo minimize risk for infections during transplantation, both donor and recipient mice were treated with the antibiotic (enrofloxacin) BaytrilH one week prior to and two weeks after the transplantation. Haematopoetic stem cells were harvested, isolated from donor mice as described in the paragraph above and further transduced with lentiviral constructs LNT-GFP and LNTIL-10 at MOI 75 and incubated at 37uC overnight. The next morning, cells were washed with PBS twice, counted and resuspended at a concentration of 2.4 6 105 cells/200 ml. The recipient mice were irradiated with 8.5 Gy and intravenously reconstituted with transduced HSCs (2.4 6 105). Mice were repopulated for 12 weeks before induction of arthritis.MiceMale DBA/1 mice were obtained from Taconic (Europe A/S, Ry, Denmark) and housed in a pathogen-free barrier facility (12-hr light/12-hr dark cycle) and fed rodent chow. All animal studies were approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee.Inflammation-dependent Production of IL-10 in vitroTo verify inflammation-dependent IL-10 production, bone marrow was harvested from femur and the hip bone from DBA/1 mice and HSCs were isolated with negative selection using EasySepH Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Enrichment Kit (Stemcell Technologies, Manchester, UK). After isolation, HSCs were resuspended in StemSpan with 1 penicillin/streptomycin and the following cytokines (100 ng/ml mSCF, 100 ng/ml Flt-3L, 100 ng/ml IL-11, 20 ng/ml IL-3) and cultured in 12 well plates at a concentration of 1 6 106 cells/ml. The cells were transduced with lentiviral constructs LNT-GFP and LNT-IL-10 at MOI ranging from 0 to 80. The next day the med.