Ecies selective effects of any extract as described previously [18].Guinea-pig atriaResultsPhytochemicalEcies selective effects of any

Ecies selective effects of any extract as described previously [18].Guinea-pig atriaResultsPhytochemical
Ecies selective effects of any extract as described previously [18].Guinea-pig atriaResultsPhytochemical screeningQualitative phytochemical study that the Morinda citrifolia root extract show the presence of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinine coumarines, sterols and phenolic compounds.Effects on rabbit jejunumRight atria isolated from guinea-pig killed by cervical dislocation were mounted in 20 ml tissue baths containing normal Kreb’s solution maintained at 32 and aerated with carbogen, as described previously [19]. The tissues were allowed to beat spontaneously under the resting tension of 1 g. Tension changes in the tissue were recorded through force-displacement transducer (model FT-03) using a grass Model 7 Polygraph. After GS-4059MedChemExpress ONO-4059 equilibrium period of 30 minutes, control responses of isoprenaline (1 M) and acetylcholine (1 M) were obtained at least in duplicate. The test substances were then added cumulatively and the effect on force and rate of contractions was determined as percent of the pre-treated control.Acute toxicity testIn isolated rabbit jejunum preparation, the root extract of Morinda citrifolia (Mc.Cr), inhibited the spontaneous contractions in a concentration-dependent manner with EC50 value (95 CI;) of 0.30 mg/ml (0.24 – 0.39; n = 4), similar to that of verapamil as shown in Figure 1. When tested against high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, Mc.Cr caused relaxation with EC50 value of 0.06 mg/ml (0.05-0.08; n = 4) as shown in Figure 2A. Mc.Cr caused relaxation of K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions at lower concentration compared to that of spontaneous contractions. Similar pattern was seen with verapamil, which produced relaxation of K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions with EC50 value of 0.04 M/ml (0.03-0.04; n = 4) at lower concentration than that of spontaneous contractions in rabbit jejunum with EC50 value of 0.23 M/ ml (0.19-0.27; n = 4) as shown in Figure 2B. Pre-treatment of the tissues with Mc.Cr (0.03 or 0.1 mg/ml; n = 4) showed rightward shift in the Ca ++ concentration response curves similar to that of verapamil as shown in Figure 3.Effect on thoracic aortaAnimal were divided in groups of 5 mice each. The test was performed using increasing doses of the plant extracts (3, 5, 10 g/kg), given orally, in 10 ml/kg volume to different groups serving as test groups. Another group of mice was administered saline (10 ml/kg, p.o.) served as negative control. The mice were allowed food and water ad libitum during a 24 hr test period and kept under regular observation for gross behavioural changes and mortality.Data analysis and statisticsAll the data expressed as mean ?SEM and the median effective concentrations (EC50) values are given as geometric mean with 95 confidence intervals (CI). CRCs were analyzed by nonlinear regression (Sigmoidal doseresponse curve variable slop). While One-way Analysis of Variance (one-way ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-test was used to determine the significant difference in various doses, P value < 0.05 (P < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. All the graphs, calculation and statistical analyses were performed using PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28212752 GraphPad Prism software version 4.00 for Windows, (GraphPad Software, San Diego California USA, http:// www.graphpad.com).In endothelium-intact rat aortic preparations precontracted with phenylepherine (PE 1 M), Mc.Cr caused inhibition of induced contractions dose-dependently with EC50 value of 1.23 mg/ml (0.98-1.55; n = 4). The vasorelaxant activity was not altered in th.