Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; SorgonCci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore,

Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon
Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon A.; Ciaffi, M. Diterpene Resin Acids and Olefins in Calabrian Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire) Oleoresin: GC-MS Profiling of Major Diterpenoids in Diverse Plant Organs, Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Diterpene Synthase Genes. Plants 2021, ten, 2391. doi/10.3390/ plants10112391 Academic IL-8 Formulation Editors: Mitja Kolar, Iztok Joze Kosir and Sofia Caretto Received: 27 September 2021 Accepted: 4 November 2021 Published: 5 NovemberDipartimento di Agraria, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.S.) Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Universitdella Tuscia, Through S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (A.R.P.) Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitdi Perugia, By way of Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (C.P.B.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0761-357-424; Fax: +39-0761-357-Abstract: A quali-quantitative analysis of diterpenoid composition in tissues obtained from diverse organs of Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire (Calabrian pine) was carried out. Diterpene resin acids had been by far the most abundant diterpenoids across all of the examined tissues. The exact same nine diterpene resin acids have been normally found, using the abietane sort prevailing around the pimarane form, although their quantitative distribution was identified to be remarkably tissue-specific. The scrutiny with the available literature revealed species specificity too. A phylogeny-based strategy allowed us to isolate four cDNAs coding for diterpene synthases in Calabrian pine, each of which belonging to among the list of 4 groups into which the d3 clade on the plants’ terpene synthases loved ones is often divided. The deduced amino acid sequences allowed predicting that both monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases are involved CYP2 supplier within the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Calabrian pine. Transcript profiling revealed differential expression across the different tissues and was identified to be constant with all the corresponding diterpenoid profiles. The isolation with the full genomic sequences and the determination of their exon/intron structures permitted us to place the diterpene synthase genes from Calabrian pine around the background of existing tips around the functional evolution of diterpene synthases in Gymnosperms. Search phrases: diterpenoids; diterpene synthase; Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire; Calabrian pine; pine oleoresin; genomic organization of gymnosperm diterpene synthases; diterpene resin acidPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is definitely an open access article distributed beneath the terms and situations in the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons/licenses/by/ four.0/).Key to Plant Species: Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., 1768; balsam fir; Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., grand fir; Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch.