P5 8.two 0.4a 11.9 10.4 13.5 0.8c 0.6b 0.5d Plant height (cm) 91 six.5a 104

P5 8.two 0.4a 11.9 10.4 13.5 0.8c 0.6b 0.5d Plant height (cm) 91 six.5a 104 101 115 4.3b 4.9ab 8.1c Root length (cm) 14.1 0.4a 17.6 16.two 19.four 0.7c 0.4b 0.8d Root dry weight (g) 1.three 0.09a 1.eight 0.14c 1.five 0.11b 2.0 0.19cPathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Detection within the RhizosphereA real-time PCR assay was applied to figure out the population of FOC in rhizosphere soil in the finish with the experiments. The outcomes indicated that the application of GSK-3 Inhibitor drug strain B2 or P5 alone drastically suppressed the population of FOC in rhizosphere soils, which was lowered by 74.0 and 30.5 in comparison with the CK therapy, respectively (Figure 8). The B2 + P5 treatmentTreatments: CK, devoid of any microbial remedy; B2, inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2; P5, inoculation with Pleurotus CA XII Inhibitor supplier ostreatus P5; B2 + P5, coinoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens B2 and P. ostreatus P5. Mean values and common deviations are listed. Distinctive letters in a column indicate significant variations (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) amongst remedies.Frontiers in Microbiology | frontiersin.orgAugust 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleWang et al.Co-application of Bacteria and FungusFIGURE 8 | Impact of different remedies around the population of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) in rhizosphere soil at 60 days following transplanting. Therapies: CK, without having any microbial remedy; B2, inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2; P5, inoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus P5; B2 + P5, co-inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens B2 and P. ostreatus P5. Various letters above each and every bar indicate important variations (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) among therapies. TABLE 4 | Phenolic acids inside the soils of four remedies following harvesting the cucumber plant. Therapy Concentration ( g-1 ) HA CK B2 P5 B2 + P5 78.three 3.4d 58.9 4.7c 46.0 25.4 3.3b three.7a VA 36.7 three.2d 30.9 1.3c 25.2 19.6 two.3b 1.0a FA 53.6 2.1d 45.1 two.7c 34.4 15.4 two.0b 1.6a CA 19.7 0.9d 16.two 1.3c 12.eight 7.2 1.3b 0.8a BA 25.two 1.8d 22.1 1.2c 18.six 11.0 1.1b 1.3a Total 213.6 8.6d 173.1 five.8c 136.9 six.7b 78.5 three.5aHA, p-hydroxybenzoic acid; VA, vanillic acid; FA, ferulic acid; CA, p-coumaric acid; BA, benzoic acid. Imply values and typical deviations are listed. Various letters within a column indicate substantial differences (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) among therapies.at 60 days following transplanting. Disease incidence was drastically positively correlated with FOC and contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, and total phenolic acids (p 0.05; Figure 9).DISCUSSIONIn this study, an antagonistic B. amyloliquefaciens B2 was isolated from rhizosphere soil sample of cucumber plants. The physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analyses in the 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences confirmed that strain B2 was B. amyloliquefaciens. The isolation of Bacillus species from various crops’ rhizosphere soil has been extensively studied (Abdallah et al., 2018). Strain B2 produced important amounts of IAA (42.7 ml-1 ), which could enhance root growth and allow the plant to uptake much more nutrients from soil. Considerable amounts of in vitro IAA production by B. amyloliquefaciens have also been documented by Abdallah et al. (2018) and Daraz et al. (2020). The production of siderophores by strain B2 may play a crucial role in promoting plant growth by giving Fe for the plant and by limiting the Fe availability to pathogens. Yu et al. (2011) also found that the Bacillus subtilis CAS15 produced a s