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L., 1994 Xie et al., 1994 Xie et al., 1994 Wheeler et al., 2001 Arnason et al., 1987 Caballero et al., 2008 Bogorni and Vendramim, 2005 Bogorni and Vendramim, 2005 Kubo and Klocke, 1982a,b Wu et al., 2005 Mode of action GI GI GI FD,EI FD,EI GI EI EI,OI GI OI GI GI GI GI GI GI GI FD GI Authors Vanucci et al., 1992 Nakatani et al., 2004 Leatemia and Isman, 2004 Senthil-Nathan, 2006 Senthil-Nathan and Sehoon, 2006 Atwal and Pajni, 1964 Schmidt et al., 1997, 1998 Schmidt et al., 1997 Nakatani, 1999 Gajmer et al., 2002 Breuer and Devkota, 1990 Juan et al., 2000 Dilawari et al., 1994 Mikolajczak et al., 1989 Gebre-Amlak and Azerefegne, 1999 Brunherotto and Vendramim, 2001 Breuer and Devkota, 1990 Breuer and Loof, 1998 Kroschel and Koch,EI, Enzyme Inhibition; GI, Development Inhibition; FD, Feeding Deterrence; NPI, Nutritional Physiology Inhibition; OI, Oviposition Inhibition.affected nutritional physiology of each H. armigera and S. litura. The compound aglaroxin A identified from A. elaeagnoidea was potent antifeedent against each Lepidopteran species (Figure 1O). The proved that the reduction in development with the larvae was not totally on account of antifeedent, but partly on account of the toxic effects in the aglaroxin A compound. Qi et al. (2003) have beenFrontiers in Physiology | Invertebrate Physiologyidentified compound munroniamide from MNK1 Purity & Documentation Munronia henryi and that has proved antifeedent activity against Pieris brassicae L. In addition to the well-known antifeedant activity, azadirachtin also showed strong insect growth regulating activity against a lot of insects (Schmutterer, 1990; Mordue and Blackwell, 1993). Because azadirachtin didn’t decrease feeding in P. brassicae pupae, theDecember 2013 | Volume 4 | Short article 359 |Senthil-NathanEffect of Meliaceae on insectO OC-OCHOOHOCHoooOHOOOoOO CH C – O three CH O three C O Fig.1A.AzadirachtinoOH HOO CH C – OOoO O1B. SalaninOOH Fig. 1C. DeacetylgeduninOCHOHOOHOC=OOOOOOO OA C Fig. 1D. GeduninO OA CFig. 1F. DeacetylnimbinOH COOH 3 Fig. 1E. 17-HydroxyazadiradioneH3 COcOHO CHOOOOHOHO CHO OOH three C COOO O H3 C C OHO HOOOHHOOHOHH3 C COOHOOHHOH3CCH2(CH3)CHCOOHCHOFig. 1G. Toosendanin.Fig. 1H. TrichilinFig. 1I. NimbinO OHO OHOOCHOOCOOCHCHOHHHOMeOHO OOHHOORO OO AcOHOOOOH HCHOOOHFig. 1J. MeliarteninFig. 1K. CedrodorinFig. 1L. KhayanolideFIGURE 1 | Continuedfrontiersin.orgDecember 2013 | Volume four | Post 359 |Senthil-NathanEffect of Meliaceae on insectOHONOHO AcOOOHOOO MeO2COH OH OHAcO O OHOOOO OOH OHOOOHOROHOOAcOHFig. 1M. TabulalinOAcFig. 1N. TabulalidesFig. 1O. AglaroxinOOH H3 C CH three H3 C H CH 3 HO H 3C H CH 3 CH 3 C CH3 OHH3C H3 C H CH 3 H COOHFig. 1Q. Beddomei LactoneCHOOCHOH3 CFig. 1P. 3 beta-25,26-trihydroxycycloartaneH3CO O O CH2 CH3 CH3 H O OH O CHO OO OOO O O CHCH3 H3C OH OH3CFig. 1R. PrieurianinFIGURE 1 | Chemical structure of secondary metabolites identified from Meliaceae plants.development retardation and deformities were the direct effect of azadirachtin and not as a result of lack of meals (Kraus and Grimminger, 1981). Nutritional analyses revealed that the insect growth inhibitory and antifeedant effects were independent of every other and relative towards the level of therapy with (Ruscoe, 1972; Koul and Isman, 1991). Moreover, 48 h feeding of on foliage treated at 50 ppm appeared to be enough for development disruption of S. PARP3 review litura at early instars age (Kraus and Grimminger, 1981). The insect development regulating activity of azadirachtin focused its effects mostly around the molt of insects (Kraus and Grimminger, 1981). Feeding on azadirachtin-sprayed c.