3:08X 4Where Y is definitely the response variable (D-isoascorbyl palmitate conversion rate, ), and X1, X2, X3,and X4 are temperature,molar ratio of D-isoascorbic to palmitic acid, enzyme load and ultrasonic power, respectively. Figure two shows the experimental worth and predicted conversion rate determined by the model Eq. (1), which indicated that the model was effective in capturing the relationship involving actual and predicted responses. 3D surface plots in the predicted conversion rate of Disoascorbyl palmitate have been shown in Figure 3. From these figures, the modifications of D-isoascorbyl palmitate conversion rate with two variables might be easily obtained by fixing other variables continuous at the center values (zero level). Figure 3a shows the response surface plot on D-isoascorbyl palmitate conversion rate versus temperature and molarCui et al. Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:180 http://journal.chemistrycentral/content/7/1/Page four ofTable two ANOVA for response surface quadratic modelSource Model A B C D AB AC AD BC BD CD A2 B2 CSum of squares 5292.98 481.91 2288.43 292.92 1384.64 24.27 2.41 ten.44 0.15 192.20 0.05 106.51 253.27 244.59 259.45 274.34 273.59 0.75 5567.df 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 ten 5Mean square 378.07 481.91 2288.43 292.92 1384.64 24.27 two.41 10.44 0.15 192.20 0.05 106.51 253.27 244.59 259.45 18.29 27.36 0.F -value 20.67 26.35 125.12 16.02 75.71 1.33 0.13 0.57 0.01 ten.51 0.00 five.82 13.85 13.37 14.p-value 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0012** 0.Dizocilpine Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel 0001** 0.2674 0.7219 0.4616 0.9301 0.0055** 0.9599 0.0291* 0.0020** 0.0023** 0.0019**D2 Residual Lack of match Pure error Cor total R-squared = 0.182. 0.Adj-squared = 0.Ade precision = 16.**Significant at 1 level *Significant at 5 level C.V. = six.36.Figure 2 Plot of predicted and observed conversion price ( ) of D-isoascorbyl palmitate. (–) Actual; () Predicted.Cui et al. Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:180 http://journal.chemistrycentral/content/7/1/Page 5 ofFigure 3 Response surface plots indicating the effect of interaction between reaction parameters on D- isoascorbyl palmitate conversion price (a) interaction amongst molar ratio and temperature (b) interaction in between temperature and power (c) interaction amongst enzyme load and temperature (d) interaction between power and molar ratio (e) interaction amongst enzyme load and energy (f) interaction amongst enzyme load and molar ratio.Higenamine Epigenetic Reader Domain ratio of D-isoascorbic to palmitic acid when the ultrasonic energy and enzyme load have been set at 120 W and 9.PMID:24381199 five (zero level), respectively. As shown the 3-D plot, the conversion rate of isoascorbyl palmitate was sensitive to the molar ratio of D-isoascorbic to palmitic acid even with a change from about 38 to 65 . Figure 3b shows that isoascorbyl palmitate conversion rate enhanced evidently with the escalating of ultrasonic power from 90 W to 180 W. From Figure 3c, an increase inside the conversion rate might be obviously achieved using the boost of enzyme load. Our preceding study had located that higher concentrations of lipase possibly decreased the isoascorbyl palmitate conversion rate due to the agglomeration of enzymes loaded at a larger quantity [12]. As for the present study, ultrasound remedy possibly outcomes in the additional homogeneous reaction mixture and facilitates dispersion of lipase in substrates lowering the agglomeration [22]. In Figure 3d shows the response surface plot on D-isoascorbyl palmitate yield versus ultrasonic energy and molar ratio of D-isoascorbic to palmitic acid when temperature.
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